|
Recent research from the National Association for Law Placement (NALP)
reveals that attorneys of color account for 3.35% of the partners in the
nation's major law firms and that women account for 15.63% of the partners in
these firms. These numbers suggest that, relative to total headcounts, women
attorneys and attorneys of color are under-represented among partnership ranks
at these firms. However, these figures also document a continuing, albeit small,
increase from data compiled in 1999. Attorneys of color are defined as including
African-Americans, Asian/Pacific Islanders, American Indians, and Hispanics of
any race. The presence of women attorneys and attorneys of color in large law
firms has been rising steadily since 1993 — at that time attorneys of color
accounted for 2.55% and women accounted for 12.27% of partners.
These are among the findings of NALP's recent analyses of the 2000-2001
National Directory of Legal Employers, the annual compendium of legal
employer data published by NALP. The 2000 Directory consisted primarily
of large firm listings and included attorney demographic information for about
104,000 partners, associates, staff attorneys and senior attorneys in about 675
firms nationwide.
The current data reveals that, nationally, women attorneys and attorneys of
color who hold positions as associates or staff/senior attorneys closely
reflected their respective representation among recent law school graduates. A
plurality of associates and staff/senior attorneys were women, while 12.86% were
attorneys of color. Women attorneys and attorneys of color were best represented
among summer associates; 17.28% of summer associates were of color, while women
accounted for about 46% of summer associates, as illustrated in the attached
table.
A parallel analysis of the 30 cities with the most individual law offices
listed in the Directory revealed considerable variations of these
measures. Among the largest of these cities, Los Angeles and San Francisco were
the most consistently high in representation of both women attorneys and
attorneys of color across all levels. Attorneys of color accounted for 6.59% and
5.34% of partners in these cities respectively, and women attorneys accounted
for 16.33% and 20.74% of partners respectively. Among smaller cities, Austin,
Denver, and San Diego also reported a higher than average representation of
women partners. Miami had the highest percentage of partners of color (15.68%)
of all cities, followed by the San Jose area at 7.76%.
Offices in Los Angeles, Miami, San Francisco, and the San Jose area ranked
highest on representation of attorneys of color among associates, where
representation was one in five or greater. Representation of women among
associates was highest in Boston, Denver, San Francisco, and the Seattle area.
Conversely, some cities, such as Charlotte, Cleveland, Columbus, Pittsburgh and
Tampa/St. Petersburg were below average on both measures.
Miami's higher representation of attorneys of color (most of whom are
reported as Hispanic) was also reflected in figures for summer associates;
summer associates of color accounted for 45.95% of those reported. Other cities
ranking relatively high on this measure included Hartford, Los Angeles, San
Francisco, and the San Jose area.
A similar analysis of 11 states with substantial Directory
representation beyond that for specific cities also yielded interesting
findings. Generally, representation of women attorneys and attorneys of color
among partners, associates, and summer associates was below average.
Women and Attorneys of Color at Law Firms — 2000
| |
Partners |
Associates |
Summer Associates |
# of offices |
| Total # |
Percent women |
Percent of color |
Total # |
Percent women |
Percent of color |
Total # |
Percent women |
Percent of color |
| Nationwide |
47,999 |
15.63% |
3.35% |
56,330 |
41.69% |
12.86% |
12,260 |
46.26% |
17.28% |
1,282 |
| Firms of: |
| 100 or fewer |
8,945 |
15.53% |
3.71% |
6,832 |
40.13% |
11.11% |
1,315 |
45.02% |
14.75% |
346 |
| 101-250 |
14,405 |
15.02% |
2.80% |
13,708 |
41.44% |
10.64% |
2,751 |
46.86% |
15.34% |
329 |
| 251-500 |
12,662 |
16.41% |
3.17% |
15,626 |
43.01% |
12.98% |
3,647 |
46.56% |
17.82% |
310 |
| 501+ |
11,984 |
15.61% |
3.92% |
20,153 |
41.40% |
14.87% |
4,547 |
46.01% |
18.76% |
296 |
| Offices in: |
| Atlanta |
1,235 |
14.41% |
2.27% |
1,498 |
40.59% |
10.41% |
372 |
54.03% |
18.01% |
29 |
| Austin |
387 |
18.09% |
3.88% |
407 |
39.80% |
11.55% |
169 |
34.91% |
17.75% |
20 |
| Boston |
1,598 |
16.58% |
2.44% |
2,201 |
44.98% |
9.27% |
472 |
47.25% |
11.44% |
29 |
| Charlotte |
343 |
8.75% |
2.95% |
359 |
35.93% |
5.01% |
83 |
39.76% |
13.25% |
12 |
| Chicago |
3,597 |
16.32% |
2.67% |
3,421 |
41.63% |
10.52% |
827 |
46.80% |
14.75% |
59 |
| Cincinnati |
380 |
12.63% |
1.58% |
334 |
44.61% |
3.89% |
74 |
41.89% |
14.86% |
11 |
| Cleveland |
681 |
13.51% |
3.08% |
691 |
37.77% |
6.37% |
161 |
41.61% |
11.18% |
12 |
| Columbus |
570 |
13.16% |
2.81% |
458 |
38.65% |
8.52% |
91 |
46.15% |
10.99% |
15 |
| Dallas |
1,318 |
16.39% |
2.91% |
1,516 |
41.49% |
11.15% |
546 |
41.58% |
11.90% |
34 |
| Denver |
508 |
20.28% |
2.95% |
414 |
49.52% |
8.70% |
71 |
52.11% |
16.90% |
21 |
| Ft. Lauderdale/W. Palm Beach |
143 |
16.78% |
3.48% |
140 |
42.86% |
6.43% |
19 |
36.84% |
15.79% |
13 |
| Hartford |
242 |
14.05% |
1.23% |
251 |
42.63% |
6.77% |
42 |
40.48% |
26.19% |
10 |
| Houston |
1,064 |
16.54% |
3.20% |
1,233 |
37.47% |
14.11% |
439 |
46.92% |
10.71% |
30 |
| Kansas City area |
639 |
12.05% |
1.10% |
607 |
40.20% |
5.11% |
128 |
55.47% |
5.47% |
12 |
| Los Angeles |
2,247 |
16.33% |
6.59% |
3,042 |
40.73% |
21.93% |
713 |
47.41% |
26.93% |
79 |
| Miami |
440 |
17.73% |
15.68% |
385 |
43.90% |
33.25% |
74 |
55.41% |
45.95% |
19 |
| Minneapolis/St. Paul |
1,108 |
16.43% |
1.26% |
783 |
43.04% |
9.58% |
208 |
45.67% |
12.50% |
19 |
| New York City |
5,986 |
13.68% |
3.18% |
12,906 |
41.55% |
15.33% |
2,523 |
44.71% |
20.49% |
135 |
| Orange County, CA |
444 |
14.86% |
2.93% |
589 |
38.71% |
15.11% |
135 |
36.30% |
14.07% |
25 |
| Philadelphia |
1,259 |
16.68% |
2.22% |
1,284 |
44.08% |
7.32% |
260 |
47.69% |
11.15% |
18 |
| Phoenix |
572 |
15.91% |
2.97% |
456 |
38.60% |
10.31% |
121 |
47.93% |
17.36% |
14 |
| Pittsburgh |
504 |
16.07% |
1.77% |
525 |
34.86% |
5.14% |
104 |
43.27% |
12.50% |
11 |
| Portland, OR |
502 |
16.33% |
3.59% |
347 |
37.18% |
10.09% |
76 |
48.68% |
3.95% |
17 |
| San Diego |
387 |
19.90% |
3.36% |
474 |
44.51% |
10.55% |
106 |
41.51% |
14.15% |
17 |
| San Francisco |
1,244 |
20.74% |
5.34% |
1,579 |
50.92% |
20.39% |
361 |
50.69% |
29.92% |
45 |
| San Jose area |
644 |
16.46% |
7.76% |
1,600 |
41.31% |
24.50% |
413 |
38.74% |
23.73% |
29 |
| Seattle area |
911 |
18.11% |
4.17% |
670 |
45.82% |
12.09% |
140 |
47.86% |
17.14% |
28 |
| St. Louis area |
581 |
14.97% |
1.55% |
472 |
41.95% |
7.42% |
84 |
48.81% |
16.67% |
10 |
| Tampa/St. Petersburg |
385 |
13.25% |
1.56% |
287 |
36.24% |
4.88% |
49 |
38.78% |
6.12% |
14 |
| Washington, D.C. |
4,773 |
16.26% |
3.46% |
6,028 |
42.05% |
13.84% |
1,332 |
48.05% |
18.39% |
131 |
| States: |
| California |
498 |
19.68% |
6.63% |
468 |
40.81% |
17.95% |
69 |
52.17% |
23.19% |
24 |
| Delaware |
237 |
13.50% |
0.84% |
217 |
37.79% |
6.91% |
50 |
46.00% |
10.00% |
10 |
| Florida |
429 |
13.99% |
5.36% |
308 |
41.88% |
11.36% |
41 |
51.22% |
9.76% |
18 |
| Indiana |
468 |
14.96% |
1.71% |
410 |
42.20% |
5.85% |
81 |
43.21% |
16.05% |
11 |
| Michigan |
1,112 |
15.47% |
3.15% |
609 |
41.38% |
10.51% |
162 |
52.47% |
15.43% |
28 |
| New Jersey |
823 |
13.49% |
1.58% |
1,105 |
42.99% |
8.14% |
139 |
48.20% |
15.83% |
25 |
| New York |
737 |
14.52% |
1.09% |
548 |
39.23% |
6.65% |
74 |
54.05% |
13.51% |
17 |
| Tennessee |
416 |
13.46% |
1.20% |
324 |
41.98% |
4.32% |
93 |
45.16% |
10.75% |
13 |
| Texas |
291 |
14.09% |
6.87% |
238 |
36.55% |
9.24% |
70 |
22.86% |
17.14% |
12 |
| Virginia |
820 |
10.73% |
2.07% |
704 |
35.51% |
7.10% |
133 |
44.36% |
12.03% |
24 |
| Wisconsin |
719 |
14.46% |
0.70% |
526 |
37.45% |
6.08% |
132 |
49.24% |
12.88% |
12 |
Note: The count of offices, shown in the last column, indicates the number of
offices with demographic information on partners and associates. The number of
offices with demographics for summer associates is somewhat less. The associates
category includes senior and staff attorneys. The Kansas City area includes
offices in Leawood and Overland Park, Kansas. Orange County includes offices in
Costa Mesa, Irvine, and Newport Beach. The San Jose area includes offices in
Cupertino, Menlo Park, Palo Alto, San Jose, and Sunnyvale. The Seattle area
includes offices in Bellevue and Kirkland. State information excludes any cities
listed separately. Foreign offices are excluded from the nationwide and firm
size analyses.
Source: National Association for Law Placement, 2000 National Directory of
Legal Employers.
|
