|
Recent research from NALP reveals that attorneys of color account for 3.55%
of the partners in the nation's major law firms and that women account for
15.80% of the partners in these firms. These numbers suggest that, relative to
total headcounts, women attorneys and attorneys of color are under-represented
among partnership ranks at these firms. However, these figures also document a
continuing, albeit small, increase from data compiled in 2000. The presence of
women attorneys and attorneys of color in large law firms has been rising
steadily since 1993 — at that time attorneys of color accounted for 2.55% and
women accounted for 12.27% of partners.
These are among the findings of NALP's recent analyses of the 2001-2002
National Directory of Legal Employers, the annual compendium of legal
employer data published by NALP. The 2001 Directory consisted primarily
of large firm listings and included attorney demographic information for about
108,000 partners, associates, staff attorneys and senior attorneys in about 625
firms nationwide.
The current data reveals that, nationally, women attorneys hold 41.94% of
positions as associates or staff/senior attorneys, thus quite closely reflecting
their respective representation among recent law school graduates. However, at
13.70%, attorneys of color lagged in their representation among recent
graduates. Attorneys of color are defined as including African-Americans,
Asian/Pacific Islanders, American Indians, and Hispanics of any race. Women
attorneys and attorneys of color were best represented among summer associates;
17.26% of summer associates were of color, while women accounted for about 48%
of summer associates, as illustrated in the attached table.
A parallel analysis of the 38 cities with the most attorneys accounted for in
the Directory revealed considerable variations of these measures. Among
the largest of these cities, Los Angeles and San Francisco were the most
consistently high in representation of both women attorneys and attorneys of
color across all levels. Attorneys of color accounted for 6.76% and 5.37% of
partners in these cities respectively, and women attorneys accounted for 16.50%
and 21.81% of partners respectively. Among smaller cities, Austin, Baltimore,
Denver, Hartford, Miami, San Diego, San Jose, and Seattle also reported a higher
than average representation of women partners. Miami had the highest percentage
of partners of color (18.84%) of all cities, followed by the San Jose area at
7.53%.
Offices in Los Angeles, Miami, San Francisco, and the San Jose area ranked
highest on representation of attorneys of color among associates, where
representation was one in five or greater. Representation of women among
associates was highest in Baltimore, Boston, Cincinnati, Hartford, and San
Francisco. Conversely, some cities, such as Birmingham, Charlotte, Cleveland,
Columbus, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Richmond, Tampa/St. Petersburg, and Wilmington
were below average on both measures.
Miami's higher representation of attorneys of color (most of whom are
reported as Hispanic) was also reflected in figures for summer associates;
summer associates of color accounted for half of those reported. Other cities
ranking relatively high on this measure included Detroit, Richmond, Los Angeles,
San Francisco, and the San Jose area.
A similar analysis of 7 states with substantial Directory representation
beyond that for specific cities also yielded interesting findings. In New Jersey
and Virginia, representation of women attorneys and attorneys of color among
partners, associates, and summer associates was generally below average, whereas
the opposite was true of Texas and California.
Women and Attorneys of Color at Law Firms — 2001
| |
Partners |
Associates |
Summer Associates |
# of offices |
| Total # |
Percent women |
Percent of color |
Total # |
Percent women |
Percent of color |
Total # |
Percent women |
Percent of color |
| Nationwide |
48,540 |
15.80% |
3.55% |
59,564 |
41.94% |
13.70% |
12,720 |
48.23% |
17.26% |
1,279 |
| Firms of: |
| 100 or fewer |
7,730 |
15.42% |
3.61% |
5,987 |
40.97% |
9.75% |
1,145 |
48.38% |
11.53% |
294 |
| 101-250 |
14,056 |
15.40% |
2.96% |
13,614 |
41.79% |
11.41% |
2,597 |
47.75% |
15.25% |
313 |
| 251-500 |
12,336 |
16.38% |
3.40% |
15,760 |
43.40% |
13.01% |
3,437 |
48.47% |
18.10% |
304 |
| 501+ |
14,366 |
15.90% |
4.25% |
24,182 |
41.30% |
16.43% |
5,541 |
48.28% |
18.88% |
367 |
| Offices in: |
| Atlanta |
1,333 |
15.23% |
3.15% |
1,675 |
41.19% |
12.30% |
428 |
52.10% |
18.22% |
31 |
| Austin |
402 |
19.15% |
4.98% |
549 |
39.16% |
12.75% |
220 |
51.36% |
16.82% |
21 |
| Baltimore |
493 |
17.24% |
3.85% |
368 |
48.91% |
8.97% |
46 |
52.17% |
19.57% |
9 |
| Birmingham |
357 |
10.08% |
1.85% |
220 |
40.45% |
3.64% |
9 |
44.44% |
0.00% |
6 |
| Boston |
1,741 |
16.66% |
2.47% |
2,612 |
45.37% |
10.11% |
518 |
48.07% |
12.74% |
29 |
| Charlotte |
364 |
8.79% |
2.83% |
372 |
35.75% |
5.91% |
87 |
51.72% |
13.79% |
12 |
| Chicago |
3,788 |
16.39% |
2.80% |
3,719 |
41.92% |
10.14% |
906 |
45.03% |
14.24% |
60 |
| Cincinnati |
321 |
12.46% |
1.44% |
252 |
51.59% |
3.97% |
54 |
44.44% |
11.11% |
9 |
| Cleveland |
723 |
13.42% |
3.32% |
737 |
39.35% |
6.24% |
173 |
48.55% |
16.18% |
13 |
| Columbus |
581 |
13.94% |
2.93% |
493 |
38.74% |
8.11% |
103 |
43.69% |
20.39% |
15 |
| Dallas |
1,338 |
16.37% |
3.25% |
1,615 |
42.17% |
10.90% |
578 |
45.16% |
13.49% |
36 |
| Denver |
522 |
22.41% |
2.68% |
477 |
43.19% |
10.48% |
80 |
51.25% |
17.50% |
21 |
| Detroit area |
585 |
19.66% |
4.31% |
324 |
42.59% |
12.96% |
59 |
54.24% |
22.03% |
12 |
| Hartford |
257 |
17.12% |
0.94% |
264 |
45.08% |
7.20% |
38 |
39.47% |
10.53% |
10 |
| Houston |
1,095 |
15.62% |
3.08% |
1,292 |
39.47% |
13.47% |
402 |
46.52% |
13.68% |
30 |
| Indianapolis |
299 |
16.39% |
2.05% |
238 |
44.96% |
7.14% |
55 |
47.27% |
14.55% |
7 |
| Kansas City area |
524 |
12.79% |
1.07% |
547 |
42.23% |
6.03% |
113 |
46.90% |
12.39% |
11 |
| Los Angeles |
2,224 |
16.50% |
6.76% |
3,196 |
42.24% |
23.31% |
689 |
50.80% |
22.21% |
79 |
| Miami |
401 |
21.95% |
18.84% |
373 |
44.77% |
34.05% |
68 |
44.12% |
50.00% |
19 |
| Milwaukee |
675 |
14.96% |
1.19% |
516 |
39.53% |
6.4% |
123 |
40.65% |
13.01% |
9 |
| Minneapolis/St. Paul |
1,088 |
16.18% |
1.19% |
887 |
41.26% |
9.92% |
211 |
48.34% |
14.69% |
20 |
| Nashville |
256 |
12.50% |
1.56% |
229 |
41.92% |
2.62% |
62 |
58.06% |
11.29% |
7 |
| New Orleans |
306 |
16.99% |
3.23% |
201 |
43.28% |
7.46% |
69 |
47.83% |
8.70% |
6 |
| New York City |
5,757 |
13.53% |
3.65% |
12,281 |
41.70% |
16.80% |
2,649 |
48.70% |
21.33% |
132 |
| Orange County, CA |
431 |
13.69% |
3.25% |
631 |
37.88% |
15.69% |
133 |
51.13% |
15.04% |
23 |
| Philadelphia |
1,033 |
18.68% |
1.99% |
1,146 |
43.72% |
8.81% |
214 |
57.48% |
19.63% |
17 |
| Phoenix |
563 |
15.99% |
2.49% |
500 |
37.00% |
12.00% |
115 |
40.00% |
20.00% |
13 |
| Pittsburgh |
567 |
14.64% |
1.34% |
603 |
38.64% |
5.80% |
106 |
40.57% |
5.66% |
13 |
| Portland, OR |
413 |
15.50% |
2.66% |
334 |
43.11% |
11.08% |
62 |
50.00% |
11.29% |
13 |
| Richmond |
480 |
13.13% |
3.54% |
407 |
38.57% |
8.85% |
97 |
45.36% |
29.90% |
8 |
| San Diego |
365 |
21.10% |
3.56% |
565 |
37.70% |
13.45% |
103 |
45.63% |
14.56% |
15 |
| San Francisco |
1,215 |
21.81% |
5.37% |
1,703 |
49.62% |
19.67% |
353 |
55.52% |
26.06% |
41 |
| San Jose area |
672 |
18.75% |
7.53% |
2,080 |
40.38% |
25.91% |
410 |
42.93% |
22.68% |
31 |
| Seattle area |
899 |
18.80% |
5.45% |
819 |
43.96% |
13.80% |
178 |
47.75% |
14.61% |
30 |
| St. Louis |
499 |
15.03% |
1.40% |
412 |
42.23% |
9.71% |
70 |
42.86% |
8.57% |
8 |
| Tampa/St. Petersburg |
369 |
14.63% |
2.71% |
243 |
35.80% |
7.82% |
38 |
44.74% |
7.89% |
13 |
| Washington, D.C. |
5,108 |
16.37% |
3.80% |
6,715 |
41.79% |
14.10% |
1,438 |
51.39% |
15.37% |
134 |
| Wilmington |
229 |
13.54% |
0.44% |
224 |
38.39% |
8.48% |
67 |
38.81% |
14.93% |
9 |
| States: |
| California |
407 |
18.92% |
7.13% |
414 |
43.96% |
16.91% |
70 |
52.86% |
21.43% |
20 |
| Florida |
558 |
16.13% |
5.38% |
441 |
40.36% |
14.51% |
47 |
46.81% |
23.40% |
24 |
| Michigan |
393 |
12.47% |
1.78% |
228 |
38.16% |
4.82% |
60 |
36.67% |
15.00% |
14 |
| New Jersey |
808 |
13.99% |
1.73% |
1,142 |
42.56% |
10.60% |
148 |
58.78% |
18.92% |
24 |
| New York |
685 |
14.45% |
1.02% |
585 |
39.49% |
7.14% |
66 |
56.06% |
9.09% |
15 |
| Texas |
317 |
16.09% |
6.94% |
275 |
42.18% |
13.09% |
69 |
44.93% |
27.54% |
16 |
| Virginia |
384 |
8.59% |
2.60% |
412 |
29.85% |
8.98% |
61 |
49.18% |
9.84% |
21 |
Note: The count of offices, shown in the last column, indicates the number of
offices with demographic information on partners and associates. The number of
offices with demographics for summer associates is somewhat less. The associates
category includes senior and staff attorneys. The Kansas City area includes
offices in Leawood and Overland Park. Orange County includes offices in Costa
Mesa, Irvine, and Newport Beach. Portland, Oregon includes offices in Lake
Oswego. The San Jose area includes offices in Cupertino, Menlo Park, Palo Alto,
San Jose, and Sunnyvale. The Seattle area includes offices in Bellevue and
Kirkland. State information excludes any cities listed separately. Foreign
offices are excluded from these analyses.
Source: NALP, 2001 National Directory of Legal Employers.
|
